The Four Surviving Maya Codices

The Four Surviving Maya Codices The Maya - an incredible pre-Colombian progress who arrived at their social apex around 600-800 A.D. prior to falling into steep decay - were educated and had books, written in an intricate language including pictograms, glyphs, and phonetic portrayals. A Maya book is alluded to as a codex (plural: codices). The codices were painted onto a paper made of bark from the fig tree and collapsed out like an accordion. Shockingly, ardent Spanish clerics obliterated the vast majority of these codices during the success and pilgrim time and today just four models endure. The four enduring Maya codices for the most part contain data about Maya space science, crystal gazing, religion, ceremonies, and Gods. Every one of the four of the Maya books were made after the defeat of the Maya human progress, demonstrating that a few remnants of culture stayed after the extraordinary city-conditions of the Maya Classic Period were deserted. The Dresden Codex The most complete of the enduring Maya codices, the Dresden Codex went to the Royal Library in Dresden in 1739 subsequent to being bought from a private gatherer in Vienna. It was drawn by no less than eight unique copyists and it is accepted that it was made at some point somewhere in the range of 1000 and 1200 A.D. during the Postclassic Maya period. Thisâ codex manages cosmology: days, schedules, great days for ceremonies, planting, predictions, and so forth. There is likewise a section which manages affliction and medication. There are additionally some cosmic outlines plotting the developments of the Sun and Venus. The Paris Codex The Paris Codex, found in 1859 out of a dusty corner of the Paris library, is certainly not a total codex, however sections of eleven twofold sided pages. It is accepted to date from the late Classic or Postclassic period of Maya history. There is a lot of data in the codex: it is about Maya functions, space science (counting heavenly bodies), dates, verifiable data and depictions of Maya Gods and spirits. The Madrid Codex For reasons unknown, the Madrid Codex was isolated into two sections after it arrived at Europe, and for some time was viewed as two diverse codices: it was assembled in 1888. Moderately ineffectively drawn, the codex is most likely from the late Postclassic Period (around 1400 A.D.) however might be from significantly later. Upwards of nine unique recorders chipped away at the archive. It is generally about space science, crystal gazing, and divination. It is of extraordinary enthusiasm to history specialists, as it contains data on Maya Gods and the ceremonies related with the Maya New Year. There is some data about the various days of the year and the Gods related with each. There is additionally a segment on essential Maya exercises, for example, chasing and making stoneware. The Grolier Codex Not found until 1965, the Grolier Codex comprises of eleven battered pages of what was likely once a bigger book. Like the others, it manages crystal gazing, explicitly Venus and its developments. Its realness has been addressed, however most specialists assume it’s veritable. Sources Archaeology.org: Redating the Madrid Codex, by Angela M.H. Schuster, 1999. McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. New York: Norton, 2004.

What Are the Health Benefits of Fenugreek

What Are the Health Benefits of Fenugreek SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Fenugreek is genuinely a multi-reason herb. Individuals from Western Asia and the Mediterranean have utilized fenugreek for a great many years to season food, improve wellbeing, and relieve skin illnesses. In later years, fenugreek has increased worldwide ubiquity as anherbalsupplement with an assortment ofhealth benefits. While fenugreek has many promising applications, not the entirety of its uses have yet been upheld up by thorough logical assessment. This guide will disclose to you which of fenugreek’s medical advantages are supportedby proof, and which ones stay more fables than certainty. Peruse on to realize what fenugreek is, the thing that it does in the body, and where you can purchase fenugreek to attempt it for yourself. To begin, what precisely is this multifunctional herb? What Is Fenugreek? Fenugreek (logical name Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a plant local to Western Asia and the Mediterranean. It has three green or yellow elongated leaves, which can be devoured new or dried. Fenugreek leaves and seeds areimportant for cooking and medications. Fenugreek seeds, otherwise called methi seeds, are a typical fixing in Indian curries, just as Turkish, Persian, Eritrean, Ethiopian, and Egyptian cooking. In light of their sweet, maple-syrup like smell and flavor, fenugreek seeds are additionally added to fake maple syrup, confections, frozen yogurt, refreshments, tobacco, cleansers, and beauty care products. While individuals use fenugreek seeds ina wide exhibit of items today, they have additionally been devouring themfor a large number of years. Archeologists have found cooked fenugreek seeds in Iraq going back to 4,000 BC! Not exclusively do fenugreek seeds taste great, however they have a few medical advantages. Let’s investigate the structure of fenugreek or methiseedsto make sense of why they fill in as a compelling home grown enhancement. Fenugreekseeds are the place the therapeutic enchantment occurs. What Makes Fenugreek Work? Significant Compounds As you’ll read beneath, the medical advantages of fenugreekinvolve the guideline of glucose, incitement of milk stream in new moms, support of hormones, and treatment of irritation. Researchers have separated a portion of the fundamental mixes in fenugreek seeds to get to the foundation of the herb's beneficialeffects. These are probably the most significant ones: Trigonelline: a betaine particle likewise present in espresso and horse feed that may help forestall and treat diabetes. 4-hydroxyisoleucineand2-oxoglutarate: atoms with aninsulin-invigorating impact. Protodioscin: exacerbate that may have love potion impacts. Diosgenin and Yamogenin: mixes utilized in the business combination of progesterone and other steroid items. 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)- furanone: exacerbate that causes amaple-syrup scentin body discharges. Presently that you’ve began to get a feeling of itsmain utilizes, let’s take a gander at what fenugreekdoes and why it works. To begin with, however, an expression of alert about natural enhancements. Look before you jump! A few retailers care more about their primary concern than your wellbeing. Why You Should Be Cautious AboutHerbal Supplements Home grown cures can be compelling elective medicines to doctor prescribed prescription. Simultaneously, there’s a major business of retailers that overstate wellbeing professes to showcase their items and bring in cash. The most ideal approach to assess these cases is to investigate objective, thorough scientificresearch. Has the enhancement been tried in a randomized control preliminary and been demonstrated to have measurably noteworthy impacts? On the off chance that its advantages are absolutely narrative, at that point you might not have any desire to burn through your time or cash, or most dire outcome imaginable, hazard causing yourself more damage than anything else. In light of these core values, we’ve broke down the logical proof behind the top guessed fenugreek benefits. Peruse on for the best fenugreek utilizes and the logical proof that backs them up. Fenugreek Benefits: Analysis of 4 PopularUses Individuals take fenugreek in an assortment of structures as a natural enhancement. Its most normal structure isa pill or container, yet it can likewise be made into a tea or ground up and joined with different fixings to make a poultice and applied to harmed skin. The most ordinarily asserted fenugreek benefits aremilk creation in new moms, glucose levels, testosterone and male charisma, and rewarding aggravation. Let’s take a gander at the main four advantages of fenugreek, alongside the examination contemplates backing upthese impacts. While these are the top investigations presently accessible, ideally, researchers will keep on assessing its belongings and increase more understanding into what fenugreek does and why it works. Fenugreek can go about as a galactagogue. (Continue looking to realize what galactagogue implies.) Utilize 1: To Enhance Milk Production in New Mothers Fenugreek is broadly utilized as a galactagogue, or a milk stream upgrading specialist in new moms. Nursing ladies take fenugreek in pill structure or drink it as a tea after they’ve had a child. While fenugreek gives off an impression of being a powerful galactagogue, it can have unfriendly impacts in the event that you take it while pregnant. Most specialists exhort that ladies should just take fenugreek supplements once they’ve had their child and not previously. Let’s investigate one of the examinations backing up fenugreek’s viability as a galactagogue. The Evidence: Fenugreek and Milk Production This examination analyzed the adequacy of fenugreek tea as a galactagogue in new moms. It isolated 66 mother-newborn child sets into three gatherings. One gathering drank the tea regular, the second drank a fake treatment tea, and the third drank no tea and filled in as the benchmark group. Specialists saw bosom milk volume and baby weight increase over a couple of days and discovered essentially higher volume and weight gain among the fenugreek tea-drinking gathering. From the examination, analysts inferred that â€Å"Maternal galactagogue natural tea supplementation is by all accounts valuable for upgrading bosom milk creation and encouraging baby birth weight recover in early postnatal days.† On the off chance that you’re keen on attempting fenugreek as a milk-upgrading specialist, by what means would it be a good idea for you to take it? Step by step instructions to Take Fenugreek to Stimulate Milk Production Most importantly, new moms ought to counsel their doctorsbefore including fenugreek as a home grown enhancement to their eating regimen. Since it can have noteworthy impacts, everybody should ensure that they don’t have any prior conditions that could cooperate antagonistically with fenugreek. In the event that you choose to take fenugreek, you could accept it as fenugreek tabletsor drink it as a fenugreek tea. An average measurements is a few containers (580 to 610 mg each) taken by mouth three times each day. Drinking it as a tea is an increasingly mellow sum. You may drink somewhere in the range of one and three cups per day as a hot tea, frosted tea, or blended in with squeezed apple. Once more, as a rule, pregnant ladies ought not take a fenugreek supplement. You can peruse increasingly about some of fenugreek’s potential symptoms underneath. When it enters your circulation system, fenugreek clashes with the sticky bear brigadein the Battle of Blood Sugar. Utilize 2: To Maintain Blood Sugar Levels Fenugreek seeds arecommonly utilized as an enhancement to control blood glucose, particularly to forestall or treat diabetes. It seems to lighten issues around the digestion of glucose. Let’s investigate a portion of the proof behind this utilization of fenugreek. The Evidence: Fenugreek and Blood Sugar A few examinations have taken a gander at fenugreek and found that it hada critical impact on blood glucose levels. This first investigation gave a fenugreek supplement in both container and cooked structure (on rolls) to 60 non-insulin-subordinate male diabetics. Eventually, the investigation found that â€Å"2 grams of a powdered blend of conventional restorative plants in either crude or cooked structure can be effectively utilized for bringing down blood glucose in diabetics.† A subsequent report likewise offered fenugreek to diabetic subjects as food, this time joining it into bread. Like in the primary examination, specialists found that â€Å"acceptable heated items can be set up with included fenugreek, which will decrease insulin obstruction and treat type 2 diabetes. Reducing issues of glucose digestion is a typical utilization of fenugreek, and individuals with diabetes may consider adding it to their weight control plans in container or food structure. Instructions to Take Fenugreek to Control Blood Glucose The most widely recognized approaches to take fenugreek to control glucose levels are in case structure, ground up and added to food, or made into a tea. The suggested measurement falls somewhere in the range of 2.5 and 15 grams per day. The sum you take fluctuates relying upon your weight, some other meds you take, and different variables. Fenugreek seeds alone haven'tbeen appeared to treat diabetes, and it might have unfriendly associations with certain diabetes drugs. To make sense of measurement and record for any factors, you should converse with your primary care physician before adding fenugreek to your human services schedule. Ooh la. Wine and roses have nothing on fenugreek with regards to getting in the disposition. Utilize 3: To Boost Libido One of fenugreek’s antiquated utilizations is to improve drive. Mediterranean and Western Asian societies have joined the herb into their weight control plans for a huge number of years to improve sexual want. Late investigations have proposed that fenugreek may build moxie in the two people. The Evidence: Fenugreek and Sexual Desire Let’s investigate one examination including guys and another including females. This 2011 examination tried the impact of fenugreek separate on male moxie, which it characterized as sexual drive, inclination, or want. It enrolled 60 men between the ages of 25 and 52 and gave them either 600 mg of fenugreek two times every day or fake treatment containers. The physiological outcomes were self-announced by members, implying that the outcomes have some space for abstract predisposition.

Principles of Human Resource Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Expound on thePrinciples of Human Resource Management forRecruitment. Answer: Presentation Human asset arranging is a significant capacity of each association where enormous quantities of representatives are working. National grocery store chain is an exclusive market chain 20 stores in SE Asia, their stores are little, and just have one brand in every all items National-brand tinned peaches, National work with their providers to developa interesting brand of tinned peaches Sunset Gold tinned peaches for instance, which issupplied just to National (Marchington et al. 2016). Then again, National general store ensures that they will just stock a particular brand of tinned peaches, accordingly guaranteeing a wellspring of inventories in the organization.This plan is a blend of Porters Focus and Cost Leadership techniques, have functioned admirably (Reiche et al. 2016). They are intending to grow in the remainder of the Singapore very soon. For rollout of their store in Singapore they will propose a human asset arranging. For their HR undertaking would be led in three phases, the report mostly centers around human asset plan, principally enrollment, choice, representative execution the board and compensation and prizes. All the human asset exercises will be founded on three occupation positions, the chose three activity positions are, retail collaborators, checkout administrators and security and misfortune avoidance work force (Aswathappa 2013). End The human asset arranging of National market can be said that is an operational system, it is significant for the association and if there should arise an occurrence of National Supermarket tie which is intending to extend their administrations in the remainder of the Singapore. They have taken various arranging exercises identified with human asset so their representatives effectively give great client care. The positions chose for human asset arranging are the one of the most significant positions. A legitimate human asset arranging considering the significant capacities like, enrollment, determination, execution the board and compensation and prize of retail partners, security and misfortune avoidance staff and checkout administrators will prompt compelling human asset arranging just as the board and will upgrade the operational productivity of the retail. It is significant that all the procedures are according to the approaches of the Government identified with modern connection and work laws. National grocery stores have thought about the base wages, working hours and extra time pay. They have likewise remembered the moral contemplations identified with the enlistment and determination process. Reference list: Aswathappa, K.Human asset the executives: Text and cases. Goodbye McGraw-Hill Education, 2013. Marchington, Mick, Adrian Wilkinson, Rory Donnelly, and Anastasia Kynighou.Human asset the executives at work. Kogan Page Publishers, 2016. Reiche, B. Sebastian, Mark E. Mendenhall, and Gnter K. Stahl, eds.Readings and cases in global human asset the board. Taylor Francis, 2016.

Polynomials on ACT Math Complete Guide and Practice

Polynomials on ACT Math Complete Guide and Practice SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Polynomial issues will appear here and there, shape, or structure on the ACT a few times for each test. Furthermore, since polynomials are so profoundly associated with other ACT math subjects, similar to activities and capacities, it's much progressively critical to set aside the effort to comprehend them before test day. Fortunately, you likely discover significantly more about polynomials than you might suspect, and in case you're as of now corroded regarding the matter, only a little audit will make them take out your polynomial inquiries left and right. This will be your finished manual for polynomials on the ACT-what they are, the manner by which you'll see them on the test, and the most ideal approach to take care of your polynomial issues before time is up. Highlight picture credit: Linas/Wikimedia What Are Polynomials? A polynomial is any numerical articulation that contains factors, constants, coefficients, or potentially non-negative whole number types. This implies polynomials spread a wide assortment of scientific articulations, so how about we separate this. Variable: A variable is any image that goes about as a placeholder for an obscure worth. The absolute most regular factors on the ACT are $x$ and $y$. Consistent: A steady is any number that exists as a fixed worth. For example, both 7 and - 3.278 are constants. Coefficient: A coefficient is any worth that is duplicated by a variable. In the term $5x$, 5 goes about as a coefficient since it demonstrates that the variable $x$ is being increased multiple times. Non-negative whole number example: If we separate this term, a non-negative number type is actually how it sounds; it is any positive type that is additionally a whole number. For example, $x^3$ fits the definition, however $x^{-2}$ or $x^{1/2}$ doesn't. A polynomial can comprise of a solitary term or different terms in a relationship with each other. The qualities in a polynomial can be included, deducted, duplicated, or separated together insofar as no piece of the polynomial worth is isolated by a variable. For example, a term of the polynomial could be $4/15$ or $x/4$, yet NOT $4/x$. Polynomials can have no factor (for example 4), one variable (for example $2x^2 - 6x + x$), or different factors (for example $y(2xy - 8x + 5z) - q^3$). Instances of Polynomials 6 $12x$ $14 + 2x$ $3y^2 - 4x + 2$ $(75k * 23x^12) + 8$ ${3z - 59 + 6x^7}/5$ NOT Polynomials $2x^{-4}$ (Why not? A polynomial can't have a negative example.) $xy^{2/3}$ (Why not? A polynomial can't have a fragmentary type.) $6/{2 - x}$ (Why not? A polynomial can't have any term that is isolated by a variable.) Level of Polynomial Polynomials have degrees and you can tell the degree proportion of the polynomial by taking a gander at its types. The level of the polynomial is the estimation of the biggest type. For example, the polynomial $x^2 - 6x + x^3$ has a level of 3, since the biggest type esteem is 3. On the off chance that the polynomial has no factor (e.g., if the polynomial is just 9), the degree measure is 0. What's more, on the off chance that there is no type (e.g., $4x + 2$), at that point the degree measure is 1. [Note: this just applies is the polynomial has a solitary variable or no factor. You can't do this for the polynomial $x^3 - 6y^2 + y^5$, for example, since it has two factors, $x$ and $y$.] For what reason is it acceptable to know the level of a polynomial? The degree proportion of a polynomial mentions to us what the diagram of a polynomial resembles. Degree Measure Diagram Type 0 Steady 1 Direct 2 Quadratic [Note: however there are increasingly polynomial degree measures and kinds of polynomial diagrams, these are the main ones you will see on the ACT.] Once diagramed, these polynomials will resemble this: Steady Graph Direct Graph Quadratic Graph Since we've taken a gander at our pieces, we should perceive how they fit together. Instructions to Solve Polynomial Questions To comprehend numerous consistent and straight polynomial issues, you should have a fundamental comprehension of activities issues and whole numbers. You will likewise need to feel comfortable around lines and slants in the organize plane. In this guide, nonetheless, we will be fundamentally centered around quadratics. For quadratic polynomials, you should see how to utilize two numerical procedures figuring and FOIL-ing-to illuminate for your last arrangement. This idea is firmly identified with logarithmic capacities, so it's a smart thought to handle these points all the while. So we should take a gander at calculating and FOIL-ing. Calculating and FOIL-ing Polynomials Calculating and FOIL-ing are methods of controlling scientific articulations and polynomials to grow or lessen the articulations and discover the data you need. Once more, on the ACT, you will utilize the two strategies together to discover the solution(s) to second degree polynomials (quadratics). FOIL-ing You will utilize this strategy at whatever point you have to increase two polynomials together. At the point when you're given a progression of incidental articulations and should increase them, you should do as such by FOIL-ing them out. FOIL means first, outside, inside, last and this memory helper alludes to the request where you should duplicate together the numbers in the brackets before you include the outcomes together. To explain this procedure, how about we take a gander at a model. Let's assume we expected to increase these articulations: $(2x - 3)(x + 5)$ As indicated by FOIL, we should begin by increasing the primary quantities of every articulation. This will give us the F in our FOIL. For this situation, that will be $2x$ and $x$. $2x * x$ $2x^2$ Next, we should increase the outside numbers in every articulation. For this situation, the outside numbers are $2x$ and $+5$ $2x * 5$ $10x$ Next up, we have to increase our inside numbers, which will give us our I in our FOIL. For this situation, our inside numbers will be $-3$ and $x$. $-3 * x$ $-3x$ At last, we should duplicate our last numbers, which will give us the L in our FOIL. For this situation, our last numbers will be $-3$ and $+5$. $-3 * 5$ $-15$ Presently, the last advance is to include the entirety of our parts together. $2x^2 + 10x - 3x - 15$ $2x^2 + 7x - 15$ This will be our last polynomial articulation. Considering Considering goes connected at the hip with FOIL-ing and acts essentially as its opposite. So as to change over a more drawn out polynomial (regularly a quadratic condition) into littler incidental articulations, we should factor the condition. This will in the long run give us the two answers for our quadratic capacity. In the event that you recollect your capacities, at that point you'll recall that a quadratic condition ($y = ax^2 + bx + c$) will have two arrangements. These arrangements are the two estimations of $x$ when $y$ (the $y$-block) rises to zero. For instance, in the chart beneath: The arrangements are at $x = 2$ and $x = 8$ on the grounds that this is the place the parabola crosses the $y$-capture as are the estimations of $x$ when $y = 0$. Presently, on the off chance that we are rather given a parabola as a polynomial rather than as a chart, we can in any case discover the answers for the articulation by considering. For example, let us state this is our quadratic condition: $x^2 + x - 12$ We realize we can factor this condition and we do as such by setting up a potential FOIL that will lead us to the conclusive outcome of this condition. So our parentheticals will resemble this: $(x +/ - $ __$)(x +/ - $ __$)$ We're not yet sure whether we will include or taking away our whole numbers in every condition and we don't yet have a clue what the numbers will be, yet we do realize that we will require a solitary $x$ esteem in each to give us our F of $x^2$ when we FOIL them out. Presently, we realize that the L, last, numbers in the bracket will make the last whole number an incentive in our quadratic condition. This implies we realize that the last two numbers in every one of the incidental articulations should increase together to rise to - 12. Since we likewise realize that the best way to duplicate two numbers and get a negative, one number must be negative and one must be sure. This must imply that one of the incidental articulations will have a less sign and the other must have an or more sign. To rise to - 12, our potential whole number worth sets could along these lines be: $-1, 12$ $-2, 6$ $-3, 4$ $-4, 3$ $-6, 2$ $-12, 1$ Presently just one of these sets of numbers will function as the answer for our condition, so let us test them out to see which will give us our unique polynomial once we FOIL them. $(x - 1)(x + 12)$ On the off chance that we appropriately FOIL this articulation, we will wind up with: $x^2 +12x - x - 12$ $x^2 +11x - 12$ This doesn't give us the correct condition, so we should attempt again with another pair of numbers. $(x - 2)(x + 6)$ $x^2 + 6x - 2x - 12$ $x^2 + 2x - 12$ Once more, this isn't our unique condition, so we realize that this pair of whole numbers isn't right. We should attempt once more. $(x - 3)(x + 4)$ $x^2 + 4x - 3x - 12$ $x^2 + x - 12$ This DOES coordinate our unique condition and, since there can be just two answers for any quadratic condition, we realize that the various sets of numbers must be erroneous. With this, we have now appropriately considered our polynomial/quadratic condition, however we despite everything have one more advance to go; we should finish the issue by setting every incidental articulation to zero and comprehending for the $x$-esteem. Why? Since, once more, the two answers for any quadratic condition are the two estimations of $x$ when $y = 0$. Spoiler alert: our parabola will seem as though this when charted. So we should take both our parentheticals and set them each to 0. $(x - 3)(x + 4)$ $x - 3 = 0$ $x = 3$ What's more, $x + 4 = 0$ $x = - 4$ When we have effectively figured our condition, we can see that the last answers for our polynomial chart are: 3 and - 4. [Do observe: however it might appear as though calculating is a long and included procedure, requiring gigantic experimentation, it will turn out to be a lot quicker and more instinctual the more you practice with it.] Similarly as there are a few unique kinds of floofers hounds, there are a few distinct sorts of polynomial inquiries. (Perros/Wikimedia) Run of the mill Polynomial ACT Math Questions You'll see three primary

Critical Essay Topics and Writing Essays

Critical Essay Topics and Writing EssaysFor students who are serious about completing their Critical Essay Topics and Writing Essays for College and University, and who wish to take their writing beyond that basic level, they may need to look into the many writing resources available on the web. There are dozens of college-essay topics that you can choose from, including Personal Essay Topics and Written Essay Topics that can help to explain your personal perspective in regards to a specific topic. As is true with any subject matter, whether it be a math problem or a philosophical question, you need to be well prepared before starting to write your essay so that you are able to articulate a clear and well-researched argument.One of the first Critical Essay Topics that you can consider involves one particular literary work - 'Cuckoo's Nest' by Ken Kesey. This may be something that has been adapted to be made into a movie and is now available in DVD form. You can take a look at this cr itical essay topic by looking through the many DVD's available, and even if you cannot understand all of the dialogue in the film, you will be able to catch all of the concepts that the author is trying to convey. The intent of the essay question that is offered by this book is to look at what exactly is meant by the term 'cuckoo.'In one passage, Kesey refers to the cuckoo, which he calls 'a bird that would not sing,' as 'more of a person than we were: It was a cuckoo-babbler, a cock that refused to bark, and that always made us feel better about ourselves.' The purpose of this essay topic is to determine how we can use this concept as a theme to inform our own thinking about the human condition. After all, if you are constantly resisting or avoiding some of the things that are most important to you, how does that relate to others?If you do not take this Critical Essay Topics topic to heart, you will find yourself going through life with a mentality that is quite unfortunate, as it will only cause you stress, and possibly even physical pain. After all, 'nothing ventured, nothing gained' applies in all areas of life. The Internet can also be used to supplement your essays by doing a search for 'Cuckoo's Nest.' If you have not read the book, now is a great time to read it.Another type of Critical Essay Topics that is easy to do is looking at classic poetry. You can look through poetry by Shakespeare, Frost, Emerson, or Whitman, and see what these writers have to say about life. Other types of essay topics that can be used include comparing human beings with the rest of the animal kingdom, as well as the potential as 'voluntary animals.'Another type of Critical Essay Topics is to look at how technology can be beneficial or detrimental in the long run. We have heard plenty of criticism of the video games that were invented for children, but have there been positive developments? We have also heard stories of the revolutionary advances that computers have provided to humanity, but we can't forget that we can interact with others in other ways with the aid of technology.Some Critical Essay Topics involve looking at national interests, and even as far as to the world's problems. When you begin to look at some of the social and political issues that exist in the world today, it can seem as though we are facing some massive problems, even while we are still trying to save the planet. In some instances, the type of critical essay that is offered can help to reduce the number of people who get involved in unnecessary wars.These are just a few of the Critical Essay Topics that you can look at to help you learn and understand yourself better. Once you understand the issues surrounding your self, you will know exactly how to write about them in an essay that will help to move your body of knowledge forward.

How Ancient Greece Emulated the Egyptians and Left an Everlasting Legacy of Science, Art, and Trade - Free Essay Example

Truth beauty wrote John Keats, one of the most influential poets of the 19th century, as he admired the dark figures on an ancient vase in his poem On a Grecian Urn. To this day, the Ancient Greeks are known for their in-depth analyses of proportion, dedication to rationalism, and meditations on the definition of beauty. These ideas, now commonly classified under Classicism, actually have roots in Ancient Egyptian culture. It is no surprise that two of historys most advanced cultures, the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Egyptians, are closely intertwined; a desire for truth and beauty bind the two. The Ancient Greeks found inspiration in their predecessors, the Ancient Egyptians, and improved upon many of their scientific and artistic advancements. The Greek emphasis on science, rationalism, truth, and beauty continues to shape todays world. Because of their contact with and admiration for the Ancient Egyptians and their culture, the Greeks pioneered the study of geometry and the natural sciences, created beautiful and lifelike sculptures, and established a trade network in Egypt that allowed them to expand their empire.Maths and SciencesMany people erroneously attribute the origins of geometry and mathematics to the Greek mathematician Pythagoras, however, another scientist, Thales of Miletus, predates him and his work. Thales of Miletus was the son of a wealthy merchant, and he visited Egypt at the young age of 22 during the 6th century BCE. Here, he studied natural phenomena such as earthquakes and the rise and fall of the Nile River in order to understand and explain their environment . At the time of his studies, local Egyptians worshipped Hapi, a fertility god associated with the flooding of the Nile River, to whom they offered prayers and gifts in hopes of ensuring a fruitful harvest. Rather than blame a supernatural entity for everyday occurences, Thales identified patterns, such as what time of the year the Nile River rose and fell, and most historians credit him for the switch between believing the gods were responsible for day-to-day events and [the belief] that if we understood natural phenomena we could actually explain and predict events. This concept of using experience and observation to understand the natural world is called rationalism, and it has directly impacted contemporary scie ntific thought. Empiricism, the belief that all knowledge comes from human experience and can be quantified numerically, and the scientific method both stem directly from Thales research, and it is for this reason that the Ancient Greeks are considered pioneers in the natural sciences.After years of observing and recording natural patterns and phenomena in Egypt, Thales of Miletus established the Milesian School of Science and Mathematics in the sixth century B.C., which produced some of ancient societys most influential scientists, including Pythagoras of Samos. Pythagoras of Samos, a Greek mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, began his studies at the Milesian school, and although he is known for his geometric proofs and the Pythagorean theorem, he also questioned the concept of number, the concept of a triangle or other mathematical figure and the abstract idea of a proof, and introduced a degree of abstraction to the study of numbers, which had never been seen before. In fact, Pythagoras and his followers were likely the first to toy with the concept of rational and irrational numbers.In addition to his musings about numbers, Pythagoras made substantial contributions to the science of astronomy. While in Egypt, Pythagoras had the privilege of visiting temples and talking with Egyptian priests. He studied the Pyramids of Giza and and how they were located in relation to the stars, and he recognized that the orbit of the moon was inclined to the equator of the Earth. Only an intense desire for truth could motivate one to truly appreci ate the night sky and painstakingly study and record the movements of the stars and other celestial bodies like the Ancient Greek astronomers. Their love for measurement, experience, and proportion also manifests itself in the Ancient Greeks quest for perfection and beauty in the visual arts. Art Although the Ancient Egyptians were one of the first cultures to attempt to objectively define and depict physical beauty by using their canon of proportion, the Greeks adopted that calculated approach to depicting the human form and elevated it to a place it had never before been. Ancient Egyptian art used a universal system of depicting the human form in painting, hieroglyphics, and sculpture called the canon of proportions. In order to create this system, the Egyptians divided the human body, using a grid comprised of 18 equal squares this strict system of measurement divided the body into 18 equal parts from the hairline to the soles of the feet[and] the result was a standard set of proportions for all human beings depicted in wall paintings and stone sculptures. This systematic approach to art shows the Ancient Egyptians preference for idealized depictions of humans. For the most part, Egyptian statues depicted royal figures, and Egyptian pharaohs and their families held the sam e status as gods in their religious culture. The Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife, and many of these statues were funerary statues. Perhaps this explains the lack of individualized features, because any detail that could possibly suggest a royals mortality would be considered profane. By eliminating characteristics such as wrinkles, moles, and baldness, the Egyptian sculptors ensured that their subjects appeared looked young, beautiful, and powerful forever.Evidence of this heavy artistic idealization can be found on Figure 1, an Egyptian statue of King Menkaure (Mycerinus) (c.2530 BC ) and his queen. Here, the shoulders are wider than the hips, indicating a person who is in good physical shape and health. The arms are equal in length, and everything follows the canon of proportions. The faces are blank and stern, and there are no otherwise differentiating features. The basalt is polished and shiny, the subjects face forward (characteristic of Egyptian canonical sculpture) and each subject has one leg that is foreshortened and extended towards the viewer, suggesting a more relaxed pose. The Ancient Greeks desired perfection in their artwork, but not at the expense of individualism and naturalism in their depiction of the human form. The Greeks appreciated the canon because it established] a standard and impose[d] an aesthetic order it was an order of ratios and numbers.[and] it forced the artist to think ahead. Rationalism dominated the Greek approach to the arts as they too used ratio and equations to search for the perfect proportions in their sculpture.Figure 2 depicts a Kouros (Greek for young boy) statue; these Archaic Greek sculptures express an faithfulness to the Egyptian canon of proportions, and they could be found all over the Greek-speaking world. Lik e Figure 1, Figure 2 shows an individual facing forward, with one leg in front of the other. However, unlike Figure 1, Figure 2 shows an attempt to include features that add an element of individualism and naturalism to the piece. For example, the Kouros appears to have lines in the hair that delineate braids and texture, unlike the smooth, black surface of the subjects hair in Figure 1. The kneecaps are clearly defined and his genitals are visible. Rather than smooth everything out and show an idealized and polished version of this young boy, artist clearly intended to portray him as naturally as possible.The Archaic period and the Kouros statues express a dedication to the canon, but it would be a few hundred more years before the enormous, intensely detailed and lifelike statues for which the Ancient Greeks are known, would become commonplace in their society. In Figure 3, it is clear that the Greek sculptor Polykleitos not only paid extreme detail to using accurate proportions, but he also elevated the piece by including elements of naturalism and individualism. This piece is widely known as one of the best examples of Ancient Greek sculpture from fifth-century BCE because it portrays the masculine ideal. By this time in history, the Ancient Greeks had long strayed from the stern and idealized statues of their Egyptian predecessors. Similar to Figures 1 and 2, Figure 3 retains the forward-facing, one-leg-extended stance that was required by the canon of proportions. The shoulders are wide, still wider than his hips, and the attention to detail is extraordinary. The facial features and haircut are specific to the subject, and the figure is perfectly proportionate. By the fifth-century BCE, the Greek concept of beauty had evolved to include not only perfect proportions, but also lifelike details such as fingers, genitals, and specific hairstyles and textures. To clarify, the sculpture in Figure 3 is still highly idealized. Doryphoros physique appears perfect there isnt a wrinkle, mole, or bald spot that could potentially suggest that he is sick, or aging, or not in the prime of his life. His chest looks muscular and strong, his nose has a prominent bridge, and he is honestly drop-dead gorgeous. Doryphoros does not just suggest perfection, as the Ancient Egyptian sculptures attempted to do; he is perfection. Every line and curve and ab and rib looks like it is supposed to be there. When the Greeks adopted the Egyptian proportional system [their] sculpture acquired finish, elegance, and precision. The Greeks had access to marble, a stone that was not prevalent in Greece, which led to a smooth finish that closely resembles human skin, unlike the limestone and sandstone pieces commonly created by the Egyptians.This particular piece originated from a bronze cast, which has long since been lost, and it shows that the Greeks intended to replicate this piece over and over again, and try to preserve the perfect balance of the natural and the ideal that they struck.Clearly, the Greeks made substantial contributions to the visual arts, and remnants of their sculpture and pottery can be found at archaeological sites all around the world. That their items are so widespread and respected is evidence of Greeces history and success with of international trade, which allowed them to spread their politics, culture, and art worldwide. Trade In addition to their contributions to the sciences and the visual arts, the Ancient Greeks helped globalize the Ancient world after establishing trading colonies in other countries, particularly in Egypt. Both countries have a long and rich history of trading goods and ideas by way of the Mediterranean Sea and the Silk Road. The fertile Nile River served as a breadbasket and Egypt was a major source of grain for Greek cities, [which was] essential for securing sufficient supplies of grain particularly in times of crisis. Without access to these Egyptian grain supplies, it is possible that a lack of food security would have caused internal conflict within the country. By establishing solid trade relations with Egypt, the Greeks set themselves up for success and paved the way to becoming world leaders. The majority of contemporary knowledge of how the Egyptian and Greek economies functioned comes from the Greek historian Herodotus accounts of history and trade. The Egyptians had a str ong economy that was controlled by the Pharaohs and the state. According to Herodotus, Psammetichus I [an Egyptian pharaoh], initially had to contend for control of Egypt, and he secured his rule with the help of Greek mercenaries; [therefore] permanent Greek mercenary camps were established in the [Nile River] Delta. The Greeks helped secure the Egyptian empire, and many decided that they wanted to stay in Egypt and live as merchants in a port city near the mouth of the delta called Naukratis. The Egyptians, however, were extremely protective of their economy, and one needed permission from the Pharoah to reside in Naukratis. It was an extremely diverse city, full of people of many other cultures who wanted to trade with Egypt. Naukratis . [was]functioning as a strictly controlled marketplace for long-distance exchange that protected the local [Egyptian] system from external influence. The Greeks found themselves in a trade hub in one of the most fertile and technologically advanced regions in the world, and they took full advantage of it, whic h allowed them to expand their empire and become leaders in the ancient world.Naukratis was not only a popular destination for trading goods, but also for trading cultural norms and ideas. For this reason, this ancient city is widely known as one of the earliest hubs of globalization. Economists suggest that the phenomenon of merchant colonies greatly increased during this period, following the expansion of the trade networkthe establishment of the large empirescreated more favourable conditions for merchants to move across wider areas and settle far from their homelands. Residing in a country outside of their own borders allowed Greek merchants and their families to learn new languages, spread the Greek language throughout North Africa and the Ancient Near East, and establish solid trade networks throughout the world. Evidence suggests that these routes of trade tended to outlast the political empires through which they crossed, and this is how the Greeks solidified themselves as leaders in trade.In conclusion, the Ancient Greeks were heavily dependent on the Ancient Egyptians for many, if not all, of their scientific, cultural, and artistic advancements. By closely s tudying the Ancient Egyptians and then improving on their advancements, the Greeks pioneered rational scientific thought, created amazing sculptures and monuments that still stand today, and helped globalize the ancient world by utilizing the Nile River delta and fostering positive international trade connections with North Africa and the Near East. Illustrations Figure 1. Basalt Statue of Egyptian Royals. King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and queen, 2490â€Å"2472 B.C.E., greywacke\Figure 2. Marble statue of a kouros (youth). Taken from https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/32.11.1/Figure 3. Doryphoros. Taken from Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge. https://museum.classics.cam.ac.uk/collections/casts/doryphoros-0BibliographyAltaweel, Mark. Revolutionizing a World. UCL Press, 2018.Bergeron, Marianne. Naukratis: Greeks in Egypt. British Museum. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://www.britishmuseum.org/naukratis.Cagalgno, Claire. Reviewed Work(s): Naukratis: Trade in Archaic Greece by Astrid Meller Review By: Claire Calcagno. Reviewed Work(s): Naukratis: Trade in Archaic Greece by Astrid Meller Review By: Claire Calcagno. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3116549.Davis, Whitney M. Egypt, Samos, and the Archaic Style in Greek Sculpture. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 67 (1981): 61. doi:10.2307/3856603.Doryphoros. Museum of Classical Archaeology. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://museum.classics.cam.ac.uk/collections/casts/doryphoros-0.Drijvers, Jan Willem. Strabo 17.1.18 (801C): Inaros, the Milesians and Naucratis, Mnemosyne 52.1 (1999), Pp. 16-22. Academia.edu. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://www.academia.edu/330427/Strabo_17.1.18_801C_Inaros_the_Milesians_and_Naucratis_Mnemosyne_52.1_1999_pp._16-22.Egyptian Proportions. https://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/citi/resources/Rsrc_001848.pdf.Thales. Famous Scientists. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://www.famousscientists.org/thales/.King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and Queen. Khan Academy. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/egypt-art/predynastic-old-kingdom/a/king-menkaure-mycerinus-and-queen.OConnor, J.J. Pythagoras of Samos. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. January 1999. Accessed May 02, 2018. https://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Pythagoras.html.Pyth agoras Greek Mathematics The Story of Mathematics. The Story of Mathematics. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://www.storyofmathematics.com/greek_pythagoras.html.

Comparison Of True Grit And The Outsiders - 1695 Words

Throughout history, many authors have created award-winning novels which have been deemed worthy for a film adaptation. With a variety of these adaptations, the film directors attempt to capture the messages that were portrayed in the book and faithfully develop each of the book’s characters. Moreover, two certain books which were favored for their loving characters and encouraging themes are True Grit by Charles Portis and The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton. While the 1968 western novel by Portis follows a young girl, who goes on an adventure in pursuit of avenging her father’s death, the 1967 novel by Hinton, categorized as young adult fiction, encompasses the life of a young boy and his misadventures living in a small town as a â€Å"greaser.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Many would argue that he did nothing in the slightest bit that would make him deserve his untimely death. Another event in the novel that helps build this sympathy is the time when Chaney shot at Frank even though â€Å"[he] was not armed at that time† (14). Readers are able to grasp the fact that Frank, in no way, provoked Chaney. Instead, Frank was unjustly killed by a rifle in the hands of an angry drunken man who was about to make a fool of himself after losing his money. Even though Frank knew confronting Chaney might end in his demise (because he knew Chaney had a gun), Frank decided he would rather risk his life trying to prevent his friend from appearing foolish rather than live with himself knowing he could have done something to prevent the imprudent confrontation. Overall, the way the novel presents Frank plays an important role in how readers interpret the rest of the novel. Because readers know more about Frank’s past as a man of compassion, readers interpret Mattie’s quest to avenge Frank’s death as a journey of seeking justice for a man who did not deserve to die. However, the way viewers perceive Mattie’s adventure is great ly altered in the 2010 adaptation of this film by Ethan and Joel Coen. The 2010 adaptation of this film, by Ethan and Joel Coen, does not capture the important elements of Frank’s life. Even though the film begins with the firstShow MoreRelatedCompare Two Western Films Made at Least Twenty Years Apart on the Basis of the Three of the Five Frameworks Studied in the First Block of the Unit, and the Elements of the Western Genre Studied in the Second Block of the Unit.3922 Words   |  16 Pagesblock of the unit. Films selected: The Great Train Robbery (1903) v True Grit (2010) Introduction: When Thomas Edison asked Edwin S.Porter to make The Great Train Robbery (1903) little did either realise that this film would be the beginning of not only the Western genre but an entire movie industry. The silent classic, The Great Train Robbery depicts a famous railroad robbery by a notorious gang while the True Grit (2010) shows us the beauty and savagery of the West through a tale of murderRead MoreThe taste of melon by borden deal11847 Words   |  48 Pages I hadn’t known I was going to say those words. To this day I don’t know why I said them. It was all mixed up with Willadean and the rumour of Mr. Wills having his gun loaded with double-ought buckshot and the boys still thinking of me as an outsider. It surged up out of me—not the idea of making my name for years to come by such a deed, but the feeling that there was a rightness in defying the world and Mr. Wills. Mixed up with it all there came into my mouth the taste of watermelon. I couldRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal Assessment of Management Skills 42 Scoring Key 42 Comparison Data 42 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 43 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 Diagnostic Surveys for

Analysis Of Salman Rushdie s Essay - 1028 Words

Analysis of Salman Rushdie’s Essay; Reality TV: A Dearth of Talent and the Death of Morality In his essay, Reality TV: A Dearth of Talent and the Death of Morality, Salman Rushdie argues that the popularity of reality television shows should both alarm us and enlighten us as we examine their success. What is Rushdie’s primary argument, and in what tone does he make his plea? How well does Rushdie keep our attention as a writer and are his arguments credible? Are his claims supported by hard evidence or merely conjecture? And finally, from this essay what can his audience surmise about Rushdie’s world view, biases and opinions of society at large and the media in particular? As we explore Salman Rushdie’s essay let us keep an open mind even if reality television is our favorite form of entertainment. Our first clue of what Rushdie’s premise will be is found in the title that points out his opinion that reality television shows are both talentless and potentially immoral. Although his tone is a bit schoolmarmish we are drawn in by his edgy language, for example, â€Å"In spite of all the talk in Britain about nasty Nick and flighty Mel, and in America about the fat, naked bastard Richard manipulating his way to desert-island victory† (1). Rushdie claims very little knowledge about reality television and while not a fan; he only recently became part of the reality TV audience. Can we validate the opinion of someone who has so little understanding of the subject in question?Show MoreRelatedLiterature : A New Realm Of Understanding Of Human Nature And Behavior1761 Words   |  8 Pagesartistic works that fall within a certain central theme; examples of genre include Romance, Mystery, Crime, Fantasy, Erotica, and Adventure. Indo-Anglican novel begins with K.S.Ventkataramani s kandan the patriot (1935) and MulkRaj Anand s Untouchable (1935) and Coolie (1936). 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The Long Term Psychological Effects Associated with Sexual...

The long term psychological effects associated with sexual assault includes, depression, substance use, anxiety, PTSD, and decreased self esteem (Foa Riggs, 1993; Resick, 1993). The authors of this article supports current literature which proposes that African American children receives inadequate or inappropriate sexuality socialization and sexual abuse prevention in their cultures and families which may affect their disclosure of sexual assault in adulthood (Washington, 2001;Wyatt, 1992). Comaz-Diaz (1995), suggests that value that is placed on girl’s virginity, the shame of the victim, and cultural silence against discussing sexual matters are family values that are invoked to prevent disclosure on sexual assault. Incomplete or inappropriate sexuality socialization in childhood may affect one’s ability to identify abuse and as a consequence delay or hinder the disclosure of sexual abuse in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. African American women are reluctant to disclose their sexual abuse publicly or privately (Ullman Filipas, 2001). The authors hypothesize that stigmas and stereotypes serves as barriers to disclosing sexual abuse among African Americans. Specifically, the internalizations of these symptoms and stereotypes may lead women to the misconception, that their experiences as sexual assault and the knowledge that others, uphold these stereotypes and stigmas which can cause doubt and mistrust that systems will not recognize them as legitimate victimsShow MoreRelatedSexual Assault Essay examples1113 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Assault described in technical terms is defined as any sort of sexual activity between two or more people in which one of the people involved is involved against his or her will. (3) The description of against his or her will extends to varying degrees of aggression, ranging from indirect pressure to a direct physical attack. 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Are Girls Get Exposure - 897 Words

Girls get exposure to sexualized messages through, TV, ads, song lyrics, videos, and movies. Television shows and movies depict the attractive, sexy girls as being associated with the popular crowd (APA 6). The APA has noted that advertisements use a blurred framework known as â€Å"trickle up† and â€Å"trickle down† with the sole purpose of making girls appear to be more adult like, and women to appear more child-like. For example, network TV aired a Victoria Secret’s Christmas themed fashion starring models dressed up to look like children. They strutted across the runway in baby doll lingerie as they dragged stuffed animals behind them (APA 12). Music is overflowing with songs that sexualize and degrade women (APA 6). Research has shown that children and teenagers on average listen to more than 2 hours of music a day (Parker-Pope). The message that young people are receiving from both female and male artists reinforce that sexualization of females is norm al and accepted. For example, coming in at number 3, on September’s 2015 Billboard’s Top 100 is male artist OMI with the song Cheerleader (â€Å"Music: Top 100†). The artist describes his perfect woman to be someone who is submissive and knows her place. She is gorgeous and thin and does what he requests. A little further, down on the list coming in at number 7, is artist Selena Gomez with the song Good for You (â€Å"Music: Top 100†). The female artist sings about wanting to look good for a man. She does this by putting on a dressShow MoreRelatedDisney Princess Movies And Childrens Impact On Beauty And Body Image1297 Words   |  6 PagesCinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Ariel, Belle, and Jasmin are all too familiar to little girls. These characters are often the response when girls are asked, â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up†? When boys are asked a similar question, their responses are much more masculine, a fireman, policeman, or foo tball player. 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In addition, Disney movies has influenced gender role stereotypes in hidden subliminal messages and as a result, it has created early exposure to labeled roles of what it means to be a man and what it means to be a woman. These hidden negative associations of gender can be defined in many ways especially through characterization; this could be seen by examining Disney’s princesses and princesRead MoreThe Media Image Of Women844 Words   |  4 Pagestherefore only women should be participating in it. If a man did decide to do gymnastics or figure skating he is presumed to be gay. With that being said the only time women get the most attention is during the Olympics. Specifically, when they air those feminine sports is when they receive the most amount of exposure in the media. â€Å"Therefore, the only sports in which women may be expected to receive equal (or greater) production treatment as men are the sliver of sports considered feminine,

Historical Background of the 1987 Constitution - 3415 Words

THE BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT CONSTITUTION Historical Background of the 1987 Constitution The history of the 1987 Constitution began on 11 April 1899, the date when the Treaty of Paris between the United and Spain of 10 December 1898 became effective upon the exchange of instruments of ratification of both countries. But the sources of the 1987 Constitution are (i) McKinley s Instructions to the Second Philippine Commission; (ii) Spooner Amendment; (iii) Philippine Bill of 1902; (iv) Jones Law of 1916, otherwise known as the Philippine Autonomy Act; (v) 1935 Constitution; (vi) 1973 Constitution and (vi) Freedom Constitution of 1986 and its implementing orders. Treaty of Paris Under the Treaty of Paris, the Philippines was†¦show more content†¦The Bill also defined for the first time who the citizens of the Philippines were. They were all the inhabitants of the Philippine islands who were subjects of Spain as of 11 April 1899, who continued to reside therein, and all the children born subsequent thereto. This definition is still good law today. Jones Law On 29 August 1916, the US Congress passed the Jones Law, otherwise known as the Philippine Autonomy Act. It established a tripartite government with real separation of powers; this was the prototype of our present set-up. The executive power was in the hands of an American Governor-General, who was independent of the Legislature, and who was given the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and impose martial law without the recommendation of the Legislature. The Legislature was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, all composed of Filipinos. The judiciary continued to be made up of the Supreme Court, the CFIs and Justice of Peace Courts. 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Interpersonal Skills and Communication

Question: Discuss about the Interpersonal Skills and Communication. Answer: Introduction: The act of communication is an inevitable and integral part of any society. It is a major phenomenon of the concerned social makeup (Greene 2013). The cognitive framework of the human mind reiterates the importance of communication in every aspect. Based on this hypothesis, the argument revises the weight of interpersonal skills involved while listening, questioning and providing feedback. The chosen scenario and field of application is in a classroom where the process of communication plays a significant role. The discussion summarizes the relevant premises that can be drawn concerned with the interaction procedure. All the three components of questioning, feedback and listening are evaluated in regards to the required interpersonal skills. The essay elucidates the chosen field of education and effectively reviews the prospects of communication in this discipline. This not only discovers the nature of interaction between students and tutors but also facilitates their harmonious enga gement, by virtue of social interface process. Howard Giles highlights on the assertiveness of accommodation which takes place when two communicators interact by employing anyone of the modes of communication (Gallois and Giles 2015).The two factors that have been proposed through this theory are convergence and divergence. The dynamics of speech act theory can be effectively relegated to this dynamics of interpersonal skills that is beneficent in nature. The subject matter involves the perceptions, image and other psychological tools that can be employed for the identifying and improving on the skills (Weekley and Ployhart 2013). Communication Accommodation Theory particularly reflects this idea which applies on the conventions of human engagement techniques (Wood 2105). The American Psychological Association reasserts the foundations of cognitive since and regards active listening as one of the derivatives of the social and psychosomatic experiments that are being carried out (Cahill 2014). Listening initiates the secondary processes of communication. Carl Rogerss emphasize on active listening as a model of perceptions facilitates listening as a core criteria for comprehending the needs of the rest of the premises (Floyd 2014). In order to execute a nice conversation careful and coordinated listening is required. Listening acts as the mediator and reaches out quite effectively. The approach of validating the thoughts and opinions of the speaker are the main ingredient of listening. It is a demonstration of skills those when practiced aids in better understanding, and often preserves patience in the communicator (Jensen 2013). The message which are been conveyed must be heard so that it can be followed by a relevant response. It challenges the endura nce of the listener and nurtures the empathetic nature of an individual. It is equally necessary to hear out, so that there are no chances for miscommunications. Listening is the essential agent of communication in a discipline where the professor and the pupil are involved ( Wilkins et al. 2015). Organizations can attain efficient functionality only when the team has cooperation and collaboration, the practice of active listening can not be acquired in a day. The students should incorporate the habit of listening in their course work as Imparting education and gaining knowledge are the two main aspects in this field which can be further improvised on the ethics of proper listening (Beebe, Beebe and Edmund 2014). On behalf of the arguments developed it can be declared that listening is a potent factor which analyses the course of action between the scholar and the teacher. The feedback premise involves the response pattern in the circle of communication. Communication mechanism adheres to the characteristics of feedback or the response which is developed following the whole course of communication. Feedback has been a vastly underestimated sector in the concept of interpersonal communication (Sommer and Kulkarni 2012). One of the significant skills that one can hone to enhance their attitude and interpersonal behavior is through the right retort at the right place. Any communications have various objectives to meet and one among it is the relevant reaction that is applicable in a scenario of a university, school campus. Feedback composes of the nature of the future interactions between the said communicators. Additionally, it paves the way for the individuals to foster a trusting and cooperative climate in the organization which will evantuaally eradicate the communication gaps left behind due to lack of feedback practice (Baker et al. 2013). There is an inescapable need to develop a feedback-friendly culture in the society to encourage and enhance the meaningfulness of feedback in the public (Sommer and Kulkarni 2012). Feedback from the scholars as well as the students both defines the best communication strategies in an environment which operates on mutual understanding. The accurate way and mannerisms to react to the concerned queries or the topic of discussion composes of the skills required for interpersonal improvement (Jensen 2013).In a discipline that deals with cognitive procedures and thought process, it takes feedback as the real context of the communication. Questioning can be regarded as one of the most crucial process of maintaining the communication cycle (Pezzulo et al. 2013). With a reference that dates back to the age of Renaissance, identifying and raising query upholds the whole scenario. Interpersonal skills of questioning evaluate and assess the outline of the communication (Marx 2015). Skills that aid in resolving issues also inspect more into the concerned matter. The data and analysis that formulates the theories answers the conventional queries. The structure of the communication follows the questioning pattern (Madianou and Miller 2013). The message that is transferred between the sender and the receiver are explored with this premise of questioning. The scope of the topic is inherent and develops new information based on the discussion of the two communicators. The psychoanalysis phenomenon based on the cognition and contradictory ideologies gives rise to questions (Weekley and Playhart 2013). It enhances the thinking and comprehending ability of the two conversant. This hypothesis examines the pertinence of elements those are being discussed through the scope of communication. Question and answer are literally one of the fundamental scopes in a school or academic setup. Naturally the scholar is the recipient of the hypothesis and inferences drawn from the experience and experiments (Madianou and Miller 2013). Questioning skills improve their ability to appreciate and accordingly they subjugate the tendencies of low self esteem and confidence. The elaborate discussions needs approval from the tutors, therefore examination is the organ of questioning in this case. In the same manner, the scholars can widen their scope knowledge and intelligent quotients. Therefore, this analysis establishes a concise argument of the interpersonal skills of questioning through it. The theoretical compositions of the identities of social behavior are complex and multi disciplinary which can be reflected further with the codes of interpersonal skills. Through the involvement of Speech Act Theory and Communication Accommodation Theory, the concepts of communication have been explored. Research and studies have revealed how the interactions and dynamics between the scholar and the professors are maintained. In fact there are various medium of communication but language is considered as one of the vital source for conducting the course of interaction that finds employment through the raised arguments. Listening integrates the communication factors and elements between the students and the tutors. Mainly empathetic and active listening helps in coordinating and reviewing the magnitude of the topic. The declaration of feedback skills in supporting the interpersonal communication is subjective, but is considered as one of the important elements of the interaction meth ods. It helps in retaining the decorum of the discipline. It summarizes and revolves the issue of feedback which is an obligation as response activity is quite natural while presenting any matter. Feedback sponsors and regulates the medium of interpersonal skills effectively. Questioning extends and finally summarizes down the whole process. The critical assessment for the communication can be invested further through the questioning techniques. The information that can be inspected for further analysis takes place through the last premise of interpersonal skills. The arguments criticized by the virtue of the skills demanded by the essay have been discussed focusing on the qualities of listening, questioning and feedback. Reference list: Baker, A., Perreault, D., Reid, A. and Blanchard, C. M., 2013. Feedback and organizations: Feedback is good, feedback-friendly culture is better.Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne,54(4), 260. Beebe, S.A., Beebe, S.J. and Redmond, M.V., 2014. Interpersonal Communication: relating to others, 7thedn, Allyn and Bacon, Boston Cahill, J.L., 2014. University Professors Perceptions About the Impact of Integrating Google Applications on Students Communication and Collaboration Skills.Journal of Research Initiatives,1(2), p.7. DeJanasz, S.Z., Crossman, J., Campbell, N. and Power, M., 2014. Interpersonal skills in organizations, 2ndedn, Mc-Graw-Hill Education, North Ryde, NSW Derlaga, V.J. and Berg, J.H. eds., 2013.Self-disclosure: Theory, research, and therapy. Springer Science Business Media. Floyd, K., 2014. Empathic listening as an expression of interpersonal affection.International Journal of Listening,28(1), pp.1-12. Gallois, C. and Giles, H., 2015. Communication accommodation theory.The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction. Greene, J.O., 2013.Message production: Advances in communication theory. Routledge. Jensen, K.B. ed., 2013.A handbook of media and communication research: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Routledge. Madianou, M. and Miller, D., 2013. Polymedia: Towards a new theory of digital media in interpersonal communication.International Journal of Cultural Studies,16(2), pp.169-187. Marx, P.K., 2015. COMX 115S. 03C: Introduction to Interpersonal Communication. Pezzulo, G., Donnarumma, F. and Dindo, H., 2013. Human sensorimotor communication: A theory of signaling in online social interactions.PLoS One,8(11), p.e79876 Sommer, K. L. and Kulkarni, M., 2012. Does constructive performance feedback improve citizenship intentions and job satisfaction? The roles of perceived opportunities for advancement, respect, and mood.Human Resource Development Quarterly,23(2), 177-201. Weekley, J.A. and Ployhart, R.E. eds., 2013.Situational judgment tests: Theory, measurement, and application. Psychology Press.

Ethical theories Essay Example For Students

Ethical theories Essay Psychological Egoism and Ethical EgoismPsychological Egoism Psychological egoism is the claim that people always act selfishly, to foster their own self-interest or happiness. Psychological hedonism is the claim that people always act to attain their own pleasure and avoid pain. Psychological hedonism is also called the pleasure principle. In these notes, Ill give arguments against psychological egoism. However, the same arguments apply against psychological hedonism. Is psychological egoism a fact (a true claim)? If it is true, ethics is in trouble, because most traditional ethical systems demand at least occasional altruism (unselfish behavior). If psychological egoism were true, altruism would not be possible. We would have to explain apparent (what appears as) altruism as self-interest. For example, we wouldnt say Mother Teresa is altruistic; wed say that shes self-interested. Shes using the poor to attain her own long-term spiritual goals. In fact, people who think psychological egoism is true (such as Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Rand) often use it as a premise in an argument to deny the validity of traditional ethics altogether: 1. (Psychological egoism): People always and invariably act to foster their own self-interest. 2. Traditional ethical systems demand at least occasional altruism (non-self-interested behavior). 3. In demanding altruism, traditional ethical systems are demanding the impossible. (They might as well demand that people fly.) 4. Any ethical systems that demands the impossible is silly and stupid. 5. Traditional ethical systems are silly and stupid. 6. We should adopt a more realistic system, ethical egoism, which demands that we pursue self-interest. But psychological egoism is a surprisingly weak claim. If it is false, then the above argument against ethics is unsound. Here are some reasons not to take psychological egoism seriously. Critique #1: Psychological egoism is not true, on face value, in a simple, naive sense. That is, its easy to think of counterexamples cases that falsify the generalization that all human acts are selfish, i.e., cases of people acting unselfishly. It certainly appears that people sometimes act in ways that are not in accord with their own interests: the soldier who falls on the grenade to save his buddies, the person who runs into the busy street to save a child about to be run over, etc. Psychological egoism is only true if you adopt what Rachels calls the strategy of redefining motives. That is, you insist on claiming that people are really acting selfishly even when they appear to be acting unselfishly. But this strategy has two problems. First, if all human actions are self-interested, then self-interested actions become, by definition, identical with actions. That is, these two expressions denote exactly the same set of actions, and thus are substitutable for each other. It then becomes impossible to disprove the claim that all human actions are self-interested, because the claim, after substitution, becomes a vacuous tautology: All human actions are human actions. Try to imagine what it would take to disprove the claim that all human actions are self-interested. The claim would be definitely disproved if we could come up with one human action that wasnt self-interested, i.e., a counterexample. But if by definition all human actions are self-interested, there can be no possible counterexample. If there are no possible counterexamples, then the claim all human acts are self-interested is not falsifiable. If the claim is not falsifiable, then according to the verificationist criterion, the claim is meaningless. So the claim all human acts are self-interested is either tautologous (true by definition, and therefore uninteresting, like All circles are round) or unfalsifiable (and therefore meaningless). Besides, even if the egoist still insists on claiming that all human acts are self-interested, the egoist must deal with the puzzling fact that some acts appear to be non-self-interested. Now the anti-egoist could say, Okay, I still think you egoists are wrong to say there are no unselfish acts. But even if there arent any, your position is no threat to ethics. There are still the self-interested selfish acts and the self-interested acts that appear to be unselfish. Saying all human acts are self-interested doesnt make that empirical distinction go away. And that empirical distinction is where ethics can start. Well grant for the sake of argument that all human acts are self-interested, and then simply say that ethics sometimes demands that people perform those self-interested but seemingly unselfish acts. The claim that all human acts are self-interested is no problem, as long as some acts appear altruistic. And they do. My Worst Relationship Essay5. Its not clear how an ethical egoist would act as a moral advisor or moral judge in cases where the egoists happiness is involved. Suppose I am an ethical egoist, so I believe that everyone ought to act for his/her own benefit. Say Terry wants to have sex with you, and youre thinking about it, but youre not really sure its a good idea, so you and Terry discuss it. Suppose Terry knows it would be better for you if you didnt sleep with Terry; but Terry also thinks it would be in Terrys interest if you did. Now you ask Terry what you should do. What answer does Terry give, supposing Terry is an ethical egoist? Remember Terrys view is that everyone ought to act to benefit him/herself. Does Terry give you the advice that benefits you or the advice that benefits Terry? 6. Some writers say ethical egoism is ultimately inconsistent. To be inconsistent is to be guilty of self-contradiction. So the argument against egoism is that ethical egoists must ultimately c ontradict themselves. Since self-contradiction is a big problem in logic, showing that someone is guilty of it is an excellent refutation technique. To show that egoists are guilty of self-contradiction, the argument is: suppose everyone were consistently selfish (selfish all the time), and, as often happens in life, some misfortune arises and the egoist now needs the unselfish help of another. If everyone is a consistent egoist, the egoist wont get the help he needs. So in the interests of self-interest, an egoist must reject egoism, at least sometimes; in other words, the egoist must be inconsistent. The egoist really doesnt want everyone to be selfish all the time, because ethical egoism, if adopted universally, would lead to undesirable social consequences. 7. Interestingly, in Egoism and Moral Skepticism, James Rachels argues that ethical egoism is not inconsistent. You can explore that interesting argument yourself. According to Rachels, the best argument against ethical egoism is its unacceptable arbitrariness. The egoist arbitrarily assumes his interests come before those of other people. But as a matter of fact, no one p erson matters that much more than others. Egoism is like racism. Racism assumes that the interests of one race count more than the interests of others, for no good reason (i.e., arbitrarily). Likewise, egoism assumes that the interests of one person count more than the interests of others, for no good reason. How Egoism Might be True Suppose there is some deep sense in which doing what is in your interest happens to be exactly the same as doing whats in the interests of others, such that if you consistently and conscientiously sought your own genuine interest, youd automatically foster the interests of others. Plato thinks this is what would happen in a well-run state. If you believe this and you want to call this ethical egoism, you can, but its now ethical egoism of a much deeper sort. (You could see it as a kind of egoism because youre acting for your own happiness, but its not egoism at all in another sense, because youre happy only if your loved ones interests are fulfilled.) T his deep egoism would also be true if seeking the good of others were, as a matter of fact, the major and most gratifying source of happiness for people. Is it? Note that this question (What makes people happiest?) appears to be empirical, and thus resolvable one way or the other using ordinary methods of observation and experiment. Do you think its really an empirical matter? If it is, what are the facts?